INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH CULTURE SOCIETY

Abstract: Literature is not merely a source of storytelling; it also shapes human morality, psychological understanding, and social awareness. This study examines how moral values and psychological perspectives evolve in response to changing social circumstances. It explores how social conditions influence individual thoughts, values, and behaviour in both novels. Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird and George Orwell’s Animal Farm explore the transformation of individuals within different social and historical contexts. In To Kill a Mockingbird, Scout Finch’s moral development is reflected through her growing sense of empathy, justice, and awareness of racial discrimination. The novel demonstrates how personal experiences contribute to ethical growth and social consciousness. In contrast, Animal Farm portrays psychological and social transformation by illustrating how power, propaganda, and manipulation influence the thoughts and behaviour of ordinary individuals, ultimately leading to the corruption of moral values. The comparative analysis of these novels highlights significant themes such as innocence, injustice, equality, power, oppression, and resistance. Although previous studies have examined these texts separately, limited research has comparatively explored them through the interconnected perspectives of social conditioning, ideological influence, psychological transformation, social consciousness, and human behaviour. Therefore, this study seeks to fill this research gap by demonstrating how literature enhances the understanding of human behaviour while encouraging critical awareness of social issues.