INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH CULTURE SOCIETY

Abstract:    This paper presents a comprehensive scholarly analysis of India’s public policy transformation and economic reforms from 2014 to 2023. It situates the reform trajectory within broader debates in political economy, institutional theory, developmental state literature, digital governance scholarship, and fiscal federalism. Moving beyond descriptive policy accounts, the study synthesizes interdisciplinary literature to examine tax restructuring (GST), monetary intervention (demonetization), insolvency reforms (IBC), financial inclusion (PMJDY and JAM Trinity), digital public infrastructure expansion, industrial policy (PLI and Make in India), labor codification, privatization, and infrastructure-led growth strategies. The research integrates macroeconomic data trends with governance transformation frameworks. The findings suggest that the post-2014 reform era represents a hybrid governance model combining centralized executive leadership, digital state capacity expansion, supply-side industrial strategy, and welfare digitization. While measurable progress is visible in formalization, financial inclusion, and digital infrastructure, scholarly debate persists regarding employment elasticity, inequality, MSME resilience, and institutional capacity. The paper concludes that the long-term sustainability of these reforms depends on inclusive structural transformation and adaptive regulatory governance