30, April 2025

The Leadership Choices of Turkish Academic Women: History, Status and Gender Action Plans

Author(s): Özlem Atay, Markus A. Launer

Authors Affiliations:

Özlem Atay,   Ankara University, Faculty of Political Sciences, Department of Management, Ankara, Türkiye,  Email – ozkanli@politics.ankara.edu.tr,

Markus A. Launer,   Ostfalia University of Applied Sciences, Department of Trade and Social Sciences, Suderburg, Germany,

DOIs:10.2017/IJRCS/202504032     |     Paper ID: IJRCS202504032


Abstract
Keywords
Cite this Article/Paper as
References

Abstract : The purpose of this article is to explore academic women’s choice towards leadership positions in Turkish Higher Education Institutions (HEI). The situation of academic women in Turkish universities is examined to show the necessity of preventive actions by Turkish universities (Atay, 2023).

In exploring the issue of choice, rational and intuitive decision-making literature (Launer & Cetin, 2025), qualitative data from pre-interviews, interviews, and document analysis using the Success Case Method (SCM) (see Yin, 2018) are undertaken in this study. The Case Study University (CSU) was chosen as the research site because it has made significant progress in gender equality in education, research and training. The data entails an empirical study of female and male university senior managers. Ethics Approval checklist has been completed and submitted to the Ankara University Ethics Advisory Committee. Ethics approval is secured before conducting in-depth interviews with six female and sixteen male senior managers in fundamental and applied sciences, social sciences (Rector, five Vice-Rectors, seven Deans, and nine Deputy-Deans). An external foreign expert interview was also conducted to compare the Turkish results with other European countries. The case study university has a supportive organizational climate for its gender equity policy. In order to encourage more women into senior roles, several support programs to build managerial skills, mentoring and coaching programs, or providing role models, even when an institution implements a gender equality plan, can be considered. As a conclusion, we state that the status of Turkish academic women is better than the status of European academic women. However, preventive actions are required to keep and foster the early support and boost by the policies of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and the strong family ties.

 

Key Words: Academic women, Leadership choices, Turkish higher education institutions, Gender equality.  

Özlem Atay, Markus A. Launer (2025);  The Leadership Choices of Turkish Academic Women: History, Status and Gender Action Plans, International Journal of Research Culture Society,    ISSN(O): 2456-6683,  Volume – 9,   Issue –  4,  Pp.182-190.       Available on – https://ijrcs.org/

  1. Acar, F. (1993). Women and university education in Türkiye. Higher Education in Europe, 18(4), 65-77.
  2. Aslan, G. (2014). Neo-Liberal Transformation in Turkish Higher Education System: A New Story of a Turning Point: Draft Proposition on the Higher Education Law. Journal for Critical Education Policy Studies, 12(2), 255- 283.
  3. Atatürk, M.K. (1969). Nutuk, Cilt II, İstanbul: Milli Eğitim Publication Company.
  4. Atay, Ö. (2023). Women in Turkish Higher Education Management, South Florida Journal of Development, South Florida Publishing LLC, Miami, United States of America, p. 1216-1230, ISBN: 2675-5459.
  5. Atay, Ö. (2024). Gendered Choices in Turkish Higher Education Institutions. Journal of Management and Labor, 8(1), 1-9.
  6. Atay, Ö. & Çetin, F. (2015). Empowering Working Women with Information and Communication Technologies in Türkiye”, 5thInternational Interdisciplinary Business-Economics Advancement Conference Proceedings Book, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA, 16-21 November, 2015.
  7. Bagilhole, B. & White, K. (2005). Benign Burden: Gender and Senior Management in UK and Australia, 4th European Conference on Gender Equality in Higher Education Proceedings Book, Oxfordi August 31-September 3.
  8. Bagilhole, B. & White, K. (2006). Making it to the top? Towards a gendered skills analysis of senior leadership and management positions in UK and Australian universities, in Change in climate prospects for gender equity in higher education, Edited by: Chesterman, C. 1:14, Adelaide: Proceedings of ATN WEXDEV Conference.
  9. Bakioğlu, A., & Ülker, N. (2018). Career barriers faced by Turkish women academics: support for what?. Yükseköğretim Dergisi, 8(3), 313-321.
  10. Bagilhole, B. & White, K. (2008). Towards a gendered skills analysis of senior management positions in UK and Australian universities, Tertiary Education and Management, 14(1), 1-12.
  11. Beddoes, K. &Pawley, A.L. (2014). “Different People Have Different Priorities: Work-Family Balance, Gender and the Discourse of Choice”, Studies in Higher Education, 39(9), 1573-1585.
  12. Burkinshaw, P. &White, K. (2017). Fixing the Women or Fixing Universities: Women in HE Leadership. Administrative Sciences, 7(3), 30.
  13. Carrington, K. & Pratt, A. (2003). How far have we come? Gender disparities in the Australian higher education system, Current Issues Brief, 31 2002-03, Canberra: Information and Research Services, Department of the Parliamentary Library.
  14. Heilman, M.E. & Eagly, A.H. (2008). Gender Streotypes are Alive, Well and Busy Producig Workplace Discrimination, Industrial and Organisational Psychology, 1(4), 393-398.
  15. Heubischl, J.; Launer, M. (2007): International Corporate Governance and Corporate Power Networks, Verlag Dissertation.de, 2007
  16. Husu, L. (2000). Gender Discrimination in the Promised Land of Gender Equality, Higher Education in Europe, 25(2), 221-228.
  17. Işık -Güler, H., & Erdoğan-Öztürk, Y. (2022). “Gender equality discourse is the glass ceiling we hit here”: Women’s academic leadership narratives in a gender-sensitive university context in Türkiye. in: Globalisation, geopolitics, and gender in professional communication, Mullany, L. & Schnurr, S. (eds.): 63-84. Routledge.
  18. İnal, K. & Akkaymak, G. (Eds.). (2012).Neoliberal Transformation of Education in Türkiye. Palgrave Macmillan, https://doi.org/10.105779781137097811
  19. Launer, M. (2024). CoSiM Conference Proceeding No. 4 of the 8th international online Conference on Contemporary Studies in Management (CoSiM), CoSiM Journal Vol. 4, 1-350, ISSN 2943-9019, DOI 10.13140/RG.2.2.30179.05920, in https://institutfuerdienstleistungen.com/en/cosim-journal-no-4/
  20. Launer, M. (2023). CoSiM Special Conference Proceeding No. 3 of the 7th international online Conference on Contemporary Studies in Management (CoSiM) – Special Issue on Intuition, CoSiM Journal Vol. 3, 1-352, ISSN 2943-9019, DOI 10.13140/RG.2.2.14158.88641, in https://institutfuerdienstleistungen.com/en/cosim-journal-no-3/
  21. Launer, M. (2022): Conference Proceeding 6th international Conference on Contemporary Studies in Management (CoSiM) 2022, Suderburg Working Paper No. 16, ISSN 2198-9184, November 2022, in: https://www.ostfalia.de/cms/en/pws/launer/working-papers/
  22. Launer, M.; Cetin, F, (2025). A new instrument for the rational and intuitive decision-making styles – RIDMS. International Journal of Economics and Business Research, 2025 29(11), 31 – 51, DOI: 10.1504/IJEBR.2025.145706
  23. Machado-Taylor, M. & Özkanlı, Ö. (2013). Gender and Academic Careers in Portoguese and Turkish Higher Education Institutions, TED Education and Science Journal, 38(169), 346-356.
  24. Morley, L. (2013). The Rules of the Game: Women and the Leaderist Turn in Higher Education, Gender and Education, 25(1), 116-131.
  25. Neale, J. & Özkanlı, Ö. (2010). Organisational Barriers for Women in Senior Management: A Comparison of Turkish and New Zealand Universities, Gender and Education, 22(5), 547-563.
  26. OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development) (2006). https://data.oecd.org/teachers/women-teachers.htm
  27. Özbilgin, M., & Healy, G. (2004). The gendered nature of career development of university professors: The case of Türkiye. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 64(2), 358-371.
  28. Özkanlı, Ö. (2001). Women’s employment in Türkiye, Hacettepe University İİBF Journal, 19 (2), 123-141.
  29. Özkanlı Ö. (2007). The Situation of Academic Women in Türkiye, TED Education and Science Journal, 32(144), 59-70.
  30. Özkanlı, Ö. & White, K. (2008). Leadership and Strategic Choices: Female Professors in Australia and Türkiye, Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 30(1), 53-63.
  31. Özkanlı, Ö. & White, K. (2009). Gender and Leadership in Turkish and Australian Universities, Equal Opportunities International, 28(4), 324-335.
  32. Özkanlı, Ö., de Lourdes Machado, M., White, K., O’Connor, P., Riordan, S. & Neale, J. (2009). Gender in Management in HEs: Changing Organisational and Management Structures, Tertiary Education and Management, 15(3), 241-257.
  33. Ramohai, J. & K.M.K. Marumo (2016). Women in Senior Positions in South African Higher Education: A Reflection of Voice and Agency, Alternation Journal, 23(1), 135-157.
  34. Thanacoody, P.Rani, Bartrom, T., Burker, M. & Jacobs, K. (2006). Career Progression among Female Academics: A Comparative Study of Australia and Mauritus, Women Management Review, 21(7): 536-553.
  35. Turkish Higher Education Management Information System (2023). https://istatistik.yok.gov.tr
  36. Van den Brink, H. H. A. (2007). Introduction: Recognition and Power. In H. H. A. van den Brink, & D. Owen (Eds.), Recognition and Power. Axel Honneth and the Tradition of Critical Social Theory (pp. 3-31). Cambridge University Press.
  37. Vohlidalova, M. (2014). Academic Mobility in the Context of Linked Lives, Human Affairs, 24(1), 89-102.
  38. White, K. & Özkanlı, Ö. (2011). A Comparative Study of Perceptions of Gender and Leadership in Australian and Turkish Universities, Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 33(1), 3-16.
  39. Woodward, D. (2007). Work-life balancing strategies used by women managers in British “modern” universities, Equal Opportunities International, 26(1), 6-17.
  40. Yenilmez, M. İ. (2016). Women in Academia in Türkiye: Challenges and Opportunities. Journal of Administrative Sciences/Yonetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 14(28).
  41. Yin, R.K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th). SAGE Publication.
  42. Zulu, C. (2003). Women Academics’ Research Productivity at One University Campus: An Analysis of Dominant Discourses, South African Journal of Higher Education, 27(3)838-852.

Download Full Paper

Download PDF No. of Downloads:26 | No. of Views: 258